Hypothetical reforms of the country

Mainstream media and Internet users like to imagine that Wallonia and Flanders will become independent from each other or join their respective neighbouring country (France or the Netherlands), but it cannot be that simple to separate two entities with such a shared centuries-long history like this. This article will focus on hypotetical reforms in Belgium on territory and powers.

Intricate combination of powers

Right now, the countries comprises the following entities:
- a Federal State
- Walloon, Flemish and Brussels Capital Regions
- Francophone (self-called "Wallonia-Brussels Federation", constitutionally "French Community"), Flemish and German-speaking Communities
- ten Provinces (Brussels being a Province-less Region although it exercises the same power as a Province)
- 43 administrative arrondissements
- many smaller Communes (municipalities)

Some explanation...

A language border was created in 1961-1963 to delimitate territories where the three national languages should be spoken. Then, the Province of Brabant got divided in a Brussels-Capital Region, a Walloon Brabant and a Flemish Brabant.

In addition, Communities were mainly created for bilingual territories like Brussels or the German-speakers who don't have a Region on their own but are included in the Walloon Region... Political parties which used to be multilingual got divided as well, so that sp.a (Flemish Socialist party) separated from PS (Francophone Socialist party) and SP (its German-speaking counterpart). At all elections (even the Federal ones), you can only vote for someone that speaks the language of your electoral district. So it isn't possible for a Walloon to vote for a Fleming and vice versa, but if you live in the Brussels-Capital Region, you can choose!

A divided power between Federal State, Communities and Regions results in the use of no less than seven Governments for such a small country! In theory, all have a Parliament, a Senate, a Government and an Administration. However, since 1980 the Flemish Community and Region have shared an Administration, a Parliament and a Senate. Communitary and regional matters are voted by Senate and Parliament from their respective point of views with a different President and approach.

Some people argue that this organisation is too complex (for more information, you can watch this YouTube video), with different powers attributed to each of these entities.


What ideas have been given yet?

Most of the following ideas of reforms come from minoritary or non-mainstream parties. Big parties seem to favour other issues than this one (economy, nature, immigration, etc.). This doesn't mean that they would necessarily like to preserve a status quo. Yet, the debate hasn't moved on much for the last decades as it implies a fundamental change in the Belgian Constitution.

A fourth Region?

The Minister-President of the Government of the German-speaking Community would like to create a four Region for his Community (with only nine Communes), which would be Province-less, a bit like Brussels-Capital. The idea is not recent and German-speakers, included in the Walloon Region, may feel as if they weren't really part of it and ProDG, an outspoken regionalist party, exists since 1971. Note that earlier Volksunie (the ancestor of N-VA, a Flemish nationalist party) proposed that these could be turned into a Province called Eupen-St-Vith but the idea didn't go further.

Official Regions following this reform.

Removing Communities and Provinces?

Two members of MR (Liberal party) and three members of PS (Socialist party) imagine getting rid of linguistic Communities or at least reducing their powers, by regionalising teaching and culture for a start. Accordingly, it could simplify Belgian institutions for citizens. Some of these politicians are heirs of the Walloon Movement that wants to promote a Walloon identity.

Following this reform, Brussels wouldn't be under both the Francophone and Flemish communities but simply a bilingual Region. It would also mean the creation of a German-speaking Region, making Belgium a four-Region country.

Moreover, some consider Provinces as outdated entities and they think administrative arrondissements should be favoured to reflect local identities better.

A bigger Brussels-Capital Region?

FDF (Francophone federalist party) argues that Belgian Francophones do share a common culture and identity. The party opposes the removal of Communities or any cut-off in their powers, saying that it could make education and job search more complicated on both sides, and further divide Francophones. The same types of argument have been put forward by other members of MR and PS, who do not necessarily agree with Walloon regionalism.

Along with UF (Union of Francophones' party in Flanders), FDF also want to encourage the privileges of Francophones living in Flanders to use their mother tongue, possibly by extending the Capital's bilingualism to these municipalities.

Back to Provinces only?

BUB (Belgian Union party) - one of the only bilingual parties left - wants to abolish Communities and Regions, and go back to a Federal State divided in Provinces, with no divide of the Brabant into three entities. This party is minoritary and those who want so-called "Daddy's Belgium" back are often seen as nostalgic fans of an outdated monarchy, which doesn't give them many votes at elections.

 What a Province-only Belgium with a unitary Brabant would look like.

Confederalism?

N-VA's (Flemish nationalist party) idea is to have a clearer separation between Wallonia and Flanders. They would like to initiate the process by making Belgium a Confederal State (instead of a Federal one), with Flanders and Wallonia owning all powers but voluntarily partnering on some issues. These years, N-VA has been very popular in Flanders and have more political weight, although it is not sure whether their electorate is precisely in favour of such a constitutional reform.

PP (Francophone liberal conservative party) also announced their intention to encourage a Confederal State, although it should comprise three or four independent Regions. The number of separate entities depends on the status of Brussels: as part of Flanders, as a separate entity or as co-managed by Wallonia and Flanders, and that of the German-speaking territories.

Only one Federal electoral district

Politicians from different parties, especially Groen! (Flemish green party), Ecolo (Francophone green party) and Open Vld (Flemish liberal party), have given the idea to reduce the number of electoral districts to one for Federal elections. This means allowing citizens to vote for anyone in the country, even if that person doesn't speak the same language. They believe it could be a good way to strengthen links between the different communities after the recent institutional reform for a regionalisation of powers. Other parties like PS have brought it up as well but no change has been operated yet...


So should we keep the same system, use one of the solutions above or find a new one? The debate is open...

Why place names are so confusing in Belgium

Have you ever experienced the feeling of being lost in translation with signs on the highway written in different languages? If you visit Belgium by car, it might happen a lot, because depending on where you are driving in the country, the signs can be in Dutch and French (sometimes in German as well). The problem is that cities names are also translated and can REALLY confuse foreigners! A little guide to help you cope with it...

If you happen to visit the Brussels region, you will notice that every commune and street name is bilingual Dutch-French. Due to the Flemish origin of most of the place names, a peculiar phenomenon occurs with French versions of these names. A lot of them are written with strange combinations of letters that are not part of French spelling and you often have to ask locals how to pronounce them. For example, the commune name "Schaerbeek" is pronounced in French as if it was written "Scarbéque". And... this spelling is not even the same in Dutch, "Schaarbeek"! Why then?
 
The reason of this is the fact that an Flemish dialects used to be spelled in a different way in the old times, sometimes with rules that were not really fixed, so that one sound could be written in different ways. In Modern Dutch language, these place names were progressively changed to correspond to the spelling standards, but French speakers didn't really care about the new spelling and they kept it with the older one. Yet, you will still find the same spelling in Flemish family names, but it matters less...

If you know how to pronounce Dutch, you can quickly learn the following changes occurring in the spelling and you'll know how to pronounce the names of the city in French... oh wait, take a French accent of course(!):
- ae = aa /a:/ (a long "ah")
- au = ou /ɑu/ (normally English "ow" but French speakers say "oh")
- uy = ui /œi/ (more or less "uh-ee")
- ue = uu /y:/ (long French "u")
- ey = ei /ɛi/ (English "ay")
- y or ÿ = ij /ɛi/ (normally also English "ay" but French speakers say "ee")
- gh = g /x/ (normally like the Scottish pronunciation of ch in "loch" but French speakers say "g")
- sch = sch /sx/ (in French, just say "sk") or s /s/ (in word final)
 - c, ck = k or kk /k/


So, now you can read French versions of city names in Brussels, but also in the whole of Belgium:
Coxyde (Koksijde), Welkenraedt (Welkenraad), Crainhem (Kraainem), Knocke (Knokke), Blanckenberghe (Blankenberge), Auderghem (Oudergem), Schaerbeek (Schaarbeek)...

Unfortunately, it is not always that easy to understand that a city name means another one, especially if you compare what you see on your map or GPS and what you read on the signs! For some reason, you can find city names that are super different from their translation in French or Dutch. In some places, Flemish independentists have sprayed paint on street signs to hide the French names and only have Dutch names displayed...

Here is a selection of the biggest dissimilarities between French and Dutch names of the same city: Mons - Bergen*, Braine-l'Alleud - Eigenbrakel, Braine-le-Comte - s'-Gravenbrakel, Soignies - Zinnik, Tournai - Doornik, Ixelles - Elsene, Amblève - Amel, Tirlemont - Tienen, Fourons - Voeren, Anvers - Antwerpen, Termonde - Dendermonde, Courtrai - Kortrijk, Namur - Namen, Bouillon - Boolen... Feeling dizzy, huh?

* The meaning of the city name in both languages is in fact "mountains"

As you probably know it, Belgium also has a German-speaking community, so that there are also cities with names in German. Fortunately, the German name is usually super similar to the Dutch one (add umlauts here and there and you get them). That way, some Belgian cities have distinct translations in the three national languages: Bruxelles - Brüssel - Brussel, Liège - Lüttich - Luik, Arlon - Arel - Aarlen, Louvain - Löwen - Leuven, Malines - Mecheln - Mecheln...

Interesting article? Leave a comment!

8 quirky places to visit in Belgium

Belgium is not just about Manneken Pis, the sculpture of a tiny boy having a pee in Brussels. There is so much more to see in this country, like the city of Bruges, which was described in the previous article. Here is a list of ancient or modern, quirky and amazing places in Belgium, including ones not all Belgians have ever heard of...

Bluebells forest - Halle, Flemish Brabant

The forest Hallerbos is probably one of the most mysterious ones in appearance. It is covered with a natural purple carpet made of bluebells, giving it a magical look. If you want to have a walk in Hallerbos and watch this incredible scenery, you should wait for spring, when the bluebells flower for only a few weeks...

Museum aan de stroom - Antwerp

This huge (60m!) modernly shaped building was designed by Neutelings Riedijk Architects along the river Scheldt. It is the largest museum in Antwerp and hosts a series of exhibitions. On the rooftop, you can look over the whole city like a giant!

Villers Abbey - Walloon Brabant

In the quiet city of Villers, you can find the ruins of an ancient Cistercian abbey, founded in 1146 and abandoned in 1796. Its colossal foundations are now covered with climbing plants, which gives it a green, legendary aspect.

Liège-Guillemins station - Liège

Nine years of intense work were necessary to build this monumental station, which amazes all rail users making a stopover in Liège since its inauguration in 2009. Created by famous contemporary architect Santiago Calatrava, this 160m-long steel and glass arch perfectly captures the light and looks like it was made by someone from outer space.

Castle of Freÿr - Namur province

Belgium is the country with the most castle per km². One example is the one in Freÿr, built on the left bank of the river Meuse. Surrounded by woods, it is a major heritage site of the country, luxurious on the inside and full of ponds, fountains and mazes in its big garden.

Ypres trenches - West Flanders

The Ypres Salient zone is famous in Belgium for being a historical site where important battles occurred in 1914-15 during the First World War. At the time, soldiers used long cavities in the ground called trenches to hide when the enemy was close to their troops. Nowadays the trenches still exist and can be visited in Ypres itself, but also not far from it, in a wood called Bayernwald in German, because it used to host Bavarian soldiers.

Dinant - Namur province

Built in front of the Meuse river, the city of Dinant is famous for its legendary rock, on which a citadel was built in the 11th century. Surrounded by a natural area, the place also has a nice gothic church and is full of history.

Grotto of Saint Anthony of Padua - Crupet, Namur province

Situated in the peaceful village of Crupet is a quirky religious construction called the grotto of Saint Anthony of Padua.The artificial cave was inaugurated in 1903 and hosts 22 coloured statues, created to tell the story of the saint, with tales of devil and angel fights.


If you have any other suggestion, feel free to post a comment to this article!

Foreign territories that could have been Belgian

The territory of Belgium has not always been as static and clear as it is now... In Roman times, Gallia Belgica was a pretty big territory comprising Belgium, the Netherlands, a Northern part of France and some other territories... And still, there are territories around Belgium that share a common history, culture and/or local languages with it, including Walloon Flanders, a territory in France! I've decided to give you a list of these territories, with no intention of reuniting them, but simply because they are part of our history as well.

French territories

If there's a part of France that is the closest to Belgian culture, it's the Nord department (Lille, Dunkirk, Douai...). It mainly shares with Belgium the tradition of the friterie, friture or frietkot, which is a place, often a sort of van, where someone distributes fries in boxes or paper cones. It is the only place in France where fries are a real tradition, but I insist, "French" fries are mostly Belgian!... Anyway, Nord was made famous in 2008 with the French blockbuster Bienvenue chez les Ch'tis, which featured local comedian Danny Boon speaking a Picard dialect called Ch'ti(mi). As a matter of fact, similar dialects are spoken in the Belgian area of Mons and Tournai!

Yet, Picard is not the only local language in Nord! Once upon a time, West Flemish was the main language in Maritime Flanders (coastal part of Nord), an area that includes Dunkerque, and, strangely enough, the village where the film took place (an error which a lot have criticised after it was released). This area was part of the ancient County of Flanders, which also included cities such as Lille or Douai. Actually the later cities are in another area called, this is not a joke, Walloon Flanders, and yet now part of France! Both areas became French after the Treaties of Nijmegen in 1678-9 and West Flemish is now only known to very few people.

In the same department, we find cities including Valenciennes, Maubeuge or Le Quesnoy, which are part of what could be called French Hainaut, and were included in the County of Hainaut. Later on, French king Louis 14th conquered them in 1659-78, so that they became French, while the Northern part of the former county became later on the Belgian province of Hainaut.

Borders of French Flanders before 1789

Another part of France which is very close to Belgium and, especially Wallonia, is the city of Givet in the French department of Ardennes. It is, as far as I know, the only place in France where Walloon was/is spoken, which makes it... a "French Wallonia"! Givet used to belong to the Liège bishops in the Middle Ages, but much later on it was given to Louis 14th also after the Treaties of Nijmegen.

Dutch territories

The neighbouring Netherlands, with which Belgium used to form a bigger country, has nowadays two provinces that could be considered as sisters to Belgian provinces: Limburg and North Brabant.

The Belgian province of Limburg is the Western part of a former Limburg, from which an Eastern part was given up for the Netherlands in 1839, and which belonged in great part to the Principalty of Liège and the dukes of Brabant. The current Dutch province of Limburg actually comprises only a small part of the former Limburg, mostly the area of Maastricht. Ultimately, Gelder was part of Limburg as well and it even came to be included in the United Belgian States, but it came back later on to the Netherlands.

In a recent blog post I talked about the possible name change for the province of Antwerp to "Central Brabant" (Midden-Brabant) to favour its Brabantian past. In the Netherlands, the North Brabant also used to be part of the Duchy of Brabant, but it was given to the Netherlands after the Peace of Westphalia in 1648. According to the politicians that want the name change of the province of Antwerp, the two territories still have a lot of cultural exchanges nowadays, in addition to similar dialects.

And Luxembourg

As a matter of fact, the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg was officially Belgian from 1830 to 1839! Then the Southern part made a country on its own and the Northern one remained Belgian, becoming the province of Luxembourg. Nevertheless, Luxembourg is still very close to Belgium, not only because both are small countries with three official languages. A lot of Belgians, especially those from the Belgian province of Luxembourg, (try to) find a job in the Grand Duchy. Another element was the currency, now replaced with the euro: the Luxembourgish franc had an equivalent value to the Belgian franc, so that nobody really cared about their difference, a bit like Scottish pounds and English pounds (except that it seems to be problematic to use Scottish pounds in London...). Finally, the main private television channel in Belgium, RTL-TVI, was primarily a Luxembourgish channel. And currently, it is still possible to watch a news broadcast in Luxembourgish language at 6am every day on Club RTL... I don't really know why, to be honest!


In a future blog post, I will also talk about Belgian settlers in the USA, who founded cities such Namur, Brussels or Belgium in Wisconsin, so keep posted!

A new name for the province of Antwerp?

Today, an idea surprised all newspapers readers! The parties of the federal majority in Flanders (N-VA, CD&V and Open VLD) suggested a change in the name of the Antwerp province (called after its capital city)... into "Central Brabant" (Midden-Brabant in Dutch)!

Why "Central Brabant" and not "Northern Brabant"? Actually, there is already a Northern Brabant in the Netherlands, constituting the Northern part of a former Duchy of Brabant, which also included a Middle (Antwerp province) and a Southern Brabant (Flemish and Walloon Brabants... and Brussels). Some people see this name change as a good idea to boost collaboration between the Dutch and Flemish Brabants. These regions share the same dialect group called Brabantian (which today seems to be used in media as a sort of standard Flemish dialect)...

What it would look like if they changed the name of the Antwerp province

Anyway, the suggestion was made because there is too much confusion between the city and the province of Antwerp. People don't seem to identify clearly with its capital, a big city with a powerful identity, which takes all the attention in the province, while people from Kempen, Rupel, Mechelen, etc. apparently don't feel very "Antwerpian". By contrast, East Flanders is already not called after its capital Ghent, and people in some part of the province don't identify themselves to it either. Ultimately, a reason for the change in name is because the three parties wish to give big cities such as Antwerp and Ghent more autonomy from their province.

The news caused an uproar on the web and some people think it is part of a series of pointless changes from a goverment that wants to ultimately separate Belgium in two countries. Others see it as a way to encourage a re-annexation of Flanders to the Netherlands, as was the larger Brabant territory. Well, there is also a Dutch and a Flemish Limburg, but... I don't think it can happen, because Flemish nationalists are usually proud of their region and very few actually see it as a part of the Netherlands. A lot more think this name change doesn't really "change" anything, but it would have a cost and there are more important matters (especially economical ones) to be debated now. Liège and Namur are also both city names and province ones, and they're pretty confusing too, but it doesn't seem to matter to anyone...

The idea was already provided by far-right party Vlaams Belang in 2008, but didn't go further on. It will have to wait until 2019 for the legislative elections, because you need to change the Belgian constitution in order to achieve it...

When Belgium was part of France...

It's history class today and you're going to learn a bit on what Belgian territories used to be. I will only talk about the period between 1790 and 1814, with the creation of the United Belgian States and the subsequent annexation to France... with the creation of Belgian departments with strange names, though shaping the current Belgian provinces. You will also get hints on how Walloons are not "that" French and... actually not that Walloon either!

When some people claim that Wallonia should be a French region simply because it was once part of France, they're referring to a short period from 1792 to 1814, in which the current territory of Belgium was included in the French Republic and, subsequently, the French Empire. As a counter-argument to this, let's say Wallonia is as French as... Flanders! And even sections of the Netherlands and Germany were also French at that time for the same duration... So is this argument really valid?

Map of the former French departments on the Belgian territory

During the French period, it is interesting to see how the regional limits were formed and how similar they look to the current ones. As France was (and is still) divided into smaller departments for each region, Belgium was constituted with nine departments: Lys (Western Flanders), Escaut (Eastern Flanders), Deux-Nèthes (Antwerp), Meuse Inférieure (Limburg), Dyle (Flemish/Walloon Brabants and Brussels), Jemappes (Hainaut), Sambre-et-Meuse (Namur), Ourthe (Liège) and Forêts (Luxembourg). Those were called after rivers and streams, except the current Luxembourg, which was then called after its... forests (Forêts), original huh?... (And today, some call it Wallabama...)

United Belgian States before French annexation

Before this period, Belgium consisted mostly of the so-called "United Belgian States" in 1790, which did not actually include Liège, a principality on its own... Therefore, during the French period, there was not really an distinction between Flemish and Walloons, but there was one between Belgians and Liégeois! And it is only when the territories were given to the Dutch that Liégeois considered themselves as Belgians (and Catholics), by opposition to the Dutch who ruled the big Netherlands and were Protestants. Still today, Liégeois are known to use a different accent to the rest of Wallonia...

As you can see on the map, Flanders used to only be the name of a smaller territory that included Ghent and Bruges (Western and Eastern Flanders provinces), and not Brabant and Limburg... For some reason, the name Flanders was also used for the whole Dutch-speaking region, while the French-speaking region was called after a local language (Walloon). Before this separation existed, French was the only official language of the country. This shows that Wallonia and Flanders have not always been homogeneous entities but are a recent way to separate the country linguistically invented during the last century.

Miles away from the "States" (of America), these Belgian States did not last more than 5 years and played more the go-between for the former Austrian Netherlands and the future French departments, which became Dutch later on... A complicated story, which cannot be summed up as "Wallonia is French" and "Flanders is Dutch".

Belgian weather in a nutshell: la drache!

Belgian weather seems to be as complicated as its politics! It is the end of summer and everyone keeps complaining about it, Belgians included. I personally never spend a season without getting a sore throat in Belgium. Like in other North European countries, the sky is mostly cloudy and people are mostly... wet! But don't worry, we're used to it! In this article, I'll explain you why Belgian weather can be frustrating, what a drache is and how the country is divided.
 

Wettest summer in 22 years!

It seems to me that it has never been as rainy as it is today in Belgium. Recently published weather facts prove it... The summer of 2014 was the wettest in Belgium since 1992, according to meteorologist David Dehenauw, who took records of precipitations at the national weather station in Uccle (Brussels region). In June, July and August, we got around 345 mm of water on our faces in total, especially July (117 mm) and August (135 mm), and we also had slightly less sunshine and warmth than usual. All in all, July and August are wet months, so it isn't so nice to spend holiday in your garden here... Therefore you'll find so many Belgians in Southern Europe (Spain, Italy, Croatia or Greece) in the summer, together with their Dutch and German neighbours.

Seasons in Belgium

As a university student, it was very hard for me to concentrate on my May-June exams, because the weather was probably the nicest one at that time of the year. Now in September, we also have a nicer weather than in August but kids have to go back to school! But still... don't expect a perfect dry sunny day this month! It is so unusual that Belgian people love to celebrate it with a BBQ or by drinking beers outside of cafés. Summery Belgian weather is random and weird... It just keeps changing, so that whenever you check the weather forecasts on TV or the web, it will always look like this:

Sunshine and rainclouds spend a lot of time together

On the same day, even within a few hours, you can get sun, rain (a light one that lasts forever or a quick downpour that ruins your clothes) or even hail, which is very frequent in summer. That's why I always carry an umbrella and a scarf in my bag just in case... And for no reason, the weather in the morning always seems to be the opposite as the weather when I go back from work.

Anyway, right after September, things start to cool down and it becomes darker and colder until the end of wintertime. Yet, another disappointment is that snow usually comes too late for Christmas and we usually get rain and muddy roads on that day. If you want to go sleighing or cross-country skiing (which I advise you to do in the Walloon Ardennes), you should wait until February or even March, when people are already over the whole Christmas spirit and wish for Spring, flowers and swallows. Actually, spring is usually pretty discreet and fast, because it just looks like any other seasons, in which you also get unexpected showers, in addition to hay fever. 

La drache nationale, a cultural event

Typical of Belgian climate, la drache (den drache in Flemish) is a heavy downpour that is unexpected and can ruin a wedding day or anything you wear. This typical Belgian word seems to come from German "dreschen", which means "to thresh or thrash", or from Dutch dras(sig), "marshy, soggy". This weather situation is well-known for happening every year on the national day, 21st July, which is called la drache nationale in Belgian French and den drache national in Flemish (read my article on the national anthem). In an extended, and more positive meaning, the word drache is used for a glass of beer offered in a bar to a whole group of people!

Three climates...

I'm probably not the best person to talk about the weather, but I've noticed that we had three climatic zones in Belgium: the North, the Centre and the South. they seem to correspond with the type of landscape you will find in these areas. Most often, the worst weather you will find will always be in the South, mostly in the Ardennes. It is the place you can actually get loads of snow in the winter. In summer, you can find a some days to wear a t-shirt and a swimsuit and try to take a dip in one of our cold lakes, but it is usually moist and chilly in those deep forests. The North is what Jacques Brel called "le plat pays" (the flat land/country), with hardly any hill and the long beaches of De Panne, Knokke or Oostende, the weather is usually the nicest, although quite windy (don't expect to keep your nice permanent in there!). Finally, the Centre is stuck in the middle of this, with a climate in Brussels I could qualify as "so-so", nothing much to say here.

The division is more or less like on this map

A German-speaking community in Belgium

Today is the official day celebrating the German-speaking community of Belgium. A lot is said about the two major communities, the Flemish one and the Walloon-Brussels one, but so many people forget about our German community, which is also officially recognized, with German being the third official language in this beautiful country. I've spent a lot of time in that area so that I can tell you a little more about it.

But please people, don't go too quickly on it thinking this is just a couple of Germans who wanted to find shelter in Belgium, not at all. Actually, their history is a bit more intricate...

First of all, let's make a difference between what's called East Cantons ("Ostbelgien" in German) and the German-speaking community, which is part of East Cantons. Also two Walloon cities (Malmedy and Waimes) are part of East Cantons and tolerate the use of German for official purposes. East Cantons were actually part of Germany until 1920, but they were annexed by Belgium after World War I. Then, they were German again in World War II before becoming Belgian for good after it.

In 1973, the country was divided into three communities (Flemish, French speakers - including the two Walloon cities of East Cantons - and German speakers). So, nine cities are currently part of the German-speaking community, which is itself divided in two areas: the Belgian Eifel (the continuation of a large countryside/forest area starting in Germany) and the Land of Eupen (closer to Flemish Limburg). The capital of this community is Eupen.

 Official flag of the community

Also, there are three official regions (Flanders, Wallonia and Brussels area), BUT no German-speaking region, so that nowadays a Belgian German speaker has different identities :
- German speaker
- part of Wallonia (but not a "Walloon" in the ethnic sense), namely the Province of Liège
- Belgian
Also, there are German speakers (or people who speak a German dialect) in other parts of the country, like the Province of Luxembourg, but they usually have French as a main language.
 
These people are often called Germans by ignorants (including Belgians)... So, just because they speak German doesn't mean they're German (in the same way as Walloons are no French and Flemish are no Dutch). Rather they have this triple identity and consider themselves to be Belgians, although they have affinities with surrounding cities such as Cologne and Aachen. Usually, they are bilingual (German-French) like fifty-fifty. They often get a superior education in Liège in French. When they speak French, their accent is very similar to people from Liège but with a German feeling to it. Oh and by the way, if you speak French, you will think that those who say "une fois" (once) in all their sentences are from Brussels, but nowadays German-speaking Belgians are those who use this expression most frequently (e.g. "passe-moi une fois le sel" for "bring me the salt, please"). And last but not least, nearly all these people don't want to be independent from Belgium, they just want a German-speaking region.

This area is quiet, not very populated and full of nature, countryside and forests. You can also find two enjoyable lakes (Butgenbach and Robertville) where to go on caravaning in the summer and it is also the best place in Belgium to ski, because the snow is so thick in comparison to the rest of Belgium, which is at a lower altitude. In these places, you will find peaceful hospitable people who are happy to live in such nice land and a lot of Dutch and Flemish tourists...

 Isn't that charming?

 

 

Share your impressions of this beautiful area in the comments below!

The "Wallirony"

Belgium is a small country and the French-speaking community (Wallonia and Brussels) represent hardly half of its population, but it can still be divided into areas that have their own features and stereotypes... A Flemish geography teacher in Etterbeek (a commune of Brussels) wanted to teach his pupils what the French-speaking community looked like. He drew a map of Wallonia and divided it in three zones: Wallifornia, Wallabama and Wallbania. These names were portmanteaux of Wallonia and respectively California, Alabama and Albania. The negative connotation of the last one made a lot of Albanians living in Belgium angry. The clumsy parallel made between the country and the "poor" areas of Wallonia was quite unfortunate. Although I don't really agree with this division, I will talk about each of these fictive regions of the French-speaking community, mainly because this article focuses on stereotypes. 

Wallifornia is the "rich" part of the community. It mainly includes Brussels, the Walloon Brabant and Namur (the capital of Wallonia). The common cliché depicts the inhabitants as being pretentious rich guys who drive fancy cars and tend to speak in a fake French accent, especially in Uccle (a commune of Brussels).
The word was adopted sarcastically in "Pope of the Dope", an electro song by Party Harder and the Subs, in which the leader appeared in a Saint Nicholas costume saying obnoxious things to kids.

As a matter of fact, Brussels is a bit different from Wallonia and people living there do not identify as Walloons. The capital stuck in the middle of Flanders is a "melting pot", a mix of Flemish, Walloon and foreign cultures, being considered as the "center of Europe" (it has the highest rate of immigrants and the most given birthname is Mohamed!). Brussels is a busy place and a lot of Walloons have gone to Brussels to study or to work. Some of them decided they were here to stay and others still commute every day, creating giant trafic jams. In general, people from Brussels like to make fun of Walloons, because they think Wallonia is a boring place where nothing happens and where people speak in a funny accent. Both regions actually have their accent, but more and more people from Brussels tend to speak a more standard French.

Next, Wallabama represents the forested area of Wallonia, mainly the Belgian Ardennes. It includes most of the Belgian Luxembourg, a Belgian province not to be confused with the Grand Duchy (where some Belgians go to find a job and pay less taxes(!)) and the southern part of Liège province. It is the least populated areas in Belgium. A lot of Belgians see it as the countryside and the cliché is to consider people from that place as peasants... 

 

The Belgian Ardennes

Finally, Wallbania is considered to be the "poor" side of Wallonia, which used to be industrialized with a lot of miners coming from abroad. Now these places are struck by a high rate of unemployment, because some industries had to close shop. 

This includes most Hainaut province, including Charleroi and Mons. Charleroi is called the "black country", because the inhabitants were coal miners and came home covered in black, it is often seen as the most polluted place in Belgium. Mons is a part of Belgium in which the culture and dialect is close to that of the "North" in France (where they speak "Ch'ti", a Picard dialect). 

Also the city of Liège can be added to this area, as Arcelor Mittal factories closed recently, making a lot of people unemployed. This city and its province have a very recognizeable accent, which is different from the rest of Wallonia. People with that accent sound as if they had a cold, because they are unable to produce nasal vowels. A significant figure of this city is Michel Daerden, a Minister and mayor of Ans (a commune of the province), known for speaking relatively slowly and being constantly drunk, who gained popularity in Wallonia (they called him "Papa") before passing away last year.

These parts of Wallonia are known for having a lot of immigrants. It is interesting to see that a lot of Italian families, offspring of invited labours, still live in Belgium and represent the majority of immigrated populations in Wallonia, while the rate is much lower in Flanders. For instance, the current Belgian Prime Minister, Elio Di Rupo (recognizable by his red bowtie), immigrated from Italy as a kid. He is also the first Prime Minister to be publically out of the closet...

Elio Di Rupo

Did you like this post? Share it to your friends!

Accents of Flemish stereotypes

Actually each city has its own dialect in Flanders and it's pretty easy for a Flemish to tell which part of Flanders someone else comes from. Also, each city has its own stereotype... Here's a small list of them...

The biggest city in Flanders is Antwerp. That's where you'll find all the concerts, shops and spectaculars. It is also the place where Bart de Wever, the most famous anti-Walloon politician is mayor. As a consequence, the Antwerpenaars are generally perceived by the rest of Flanders as arrogant and too proud of themselves and their city. 

Vision of the country as an Antwerpenaar

Another part of Belgium which is full of foreign tourists is West Flanders, known for its windy beaches (Oostende, De Panne, etc.) on the North Sea. It is also the closest place to France (actually there's a small part of France called Flanders and which used to speak West-Flemish). In general, this place is considered to get so many rich people from France or England that its people become rich themselves (note that the "wealthy French tourists" and people will make an effort to speak French to them, by contrast with the "poor Walloons"). West Flanders is also known for its accent, in which all Gs sound exactly like Hs. As a consequence, a lot of Flemish people find it hard to understand them. An example is Alex Agnew, from Antwerp, who likes to make fun of them in his sketches.

Agnew comparing the West-Flemish to potatoes (in Dutch)

The third stereotype is about people from Belgian Limburg (not to be confused with Maastricht in the Netherlands). They are often seen as the poor part of Flanders, with people who don't actually master Dutch but still speak their dialect (Limburgs), which sounds pretty much like German... Also, slowliness is typical of this dialect, in which one word has a different meaning if it's pronounced slowlier!

I would be really grateful to any Flemish who could provide me with more stereotypes on the different cities in Flanders, but those were the ones I heard the most, as most of my Flemish friends are from those places.